How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe ADHD is a condition that affects children, but it can also affect adults. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can improve the quality of life for a person.
Interviewing the individual and their family members can be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist might review old school records to determine whether the symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying well-organized from time to time however, for those who has ADHD, these problems interfere with work, school and family life. To be diagnosed with the disorder, one must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly affect daily functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about his or her symptoms, as well as about any medical issues and family history. They may also employ rating systems to measure symptoms in adults and children. These types of questionnaires are typically based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
In adults, doctors may request a conversation with a significant other or people who are familiar with the patient. This is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty, but rather to gain a better understanding of their behavior that isn't obtained from a questionnaire. They may ask about childhood behaviors and use old school records to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will conduct an examination and tests in the lab to rule out any other health conditions, such as thyroid issues or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the person's list of medications. Doctors will consider the interaction between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other ailments. It is crucial that adults speak to their primary healthcare providers in the event that they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in more than one setting (like school, home, and work) and seriously hinder functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by another disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional will use different tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptom lists as well as standardized scales of behaviour and a thorough medical history. They may also interview family members or friends to learn how the symptoms affect them. They'll inquire if the symptoms are similar to the symptoms of other mental health conditions or physical conditions.
Evaluators will take into account whether symptoms are mild or severe. They will also look at the person's medical history and family history to make sure there is no underlying reason for their symptoms like thyroid disorders and head injuries, as well as medication.
In some cases, an evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or request an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, such as mood disorders, learning disabilities personality disorders, and alcohol abuse. People with these problems typically present differently than those who do not suffer from them. For example, boys tend to have hyperactive symptoms while girls inattentive symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical study to test new treatments. While this is a great method to aid in further research, it is crucial for participants to understand that the main purpose of these studies is to acquire knowledge in the field of science and cannot necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more details about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect they have ADHD it is important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider whether ADHD specialists are covered. You can also ask family doctors or other health professionals for referrals. Also, adult adhd diagnoses -of mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will inquire with the patient or their parents in the case of children - about their issues. She may use standardized checklists or ADHD symptoms, and also ask other people in the patient's life for details like their spouses and families. Personal insight often uncovers more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
Experts will also look over documents from the past and reports, particularly those from the past. The diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the history of a person and, in order to be diagnosed with the condition, the symptoms must have been present since childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
A physical examination is also conducted. It is also checked for any other medical issues that could cause symptoms, like seizures or thyroid problems. The specialist will typically conduct a neurological exam that checks for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests that test the level of intelligence and ability can be used. A person could also be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test attention and memory. This could assist an expert determine whether a person is hyperactive or not. The specialist will then decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. Treatment plans typically comprise therapy and medication. Talk therapy or psychotherapy can help adults and children learn healthy coping techniques and change negative thinking patterns. This therapy is usually performed by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who is specialized in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication, though it's not the only method to treat the condition. Adults, teenagers and children are also able to benefit from psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or any combination of the two. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and help them learn to manage these symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education on ADHD and how to manage it, may be incorporated. They can include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It is essential to locate an expert in mental health or health care provider who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can seek recommendations from people who have ADHD or from a mental health professional you already know, or perform an online search. It's best to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To diagnose ADHD, the health care provider will ask about your your child's symptoms as well as the problems caused by the condition. They will perform a physical examination and check for any other health conditions that may trigger similar symptoms. They will go over your your child's medical and family information, school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is designed to diagnose children is more difficult diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your doctor will ask you or your child regarding their symptoms and may also request others who spend many hours with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine and antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders like anxiety or depression. For this reason, treatment should include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy that teaches skills such as managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
In addition, therapists can help patients learn to manage their symptoms by making lifestyle adjustments. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is important too. People with ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar, and less fruit and vegetables. In addition making social and family relationships a priority can lower stress levels and make people feel more in control of their lives.
Another major benefit of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives children and adults a clearer comprehension of their issues. A child diagnosed with ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to teachers or peers. Once a teacher understands that this isn't an individual issue or because of their inability to communicate, they can offer accommodations.
A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions specific to the individual's age, ask questions of teachers and relatives as well as review medical records and look for comorbidities. For adults, records from schools could help determine if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
The specialist will also check for any vision or hearing issues with hearing or vision. They may also perform tests on blood to check for certain hormones, and other health conditions which can cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.