How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is a child's condition, but it can also affect adults. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can help improve a person's life.
An evaluation for ADHD could involve a conversation with the patient and their family members. The specialist could look through the school records from the past to determine whether the symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone has trouble concentrating and staying well-organized from time to time, but for someone who suffers from ADHD, these problems interfere with work, school and even home life. To be considered to have the disorder, one must exhibit severe symptoms in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly affect everyday functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis a doctor will interview the patient about their symptoms and inquire about their family medical history and any medical issues. They can also use rating scales that measure a adult's or a child's symptoms. These questionnaires are based off of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These include questions about the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and the tendency to be impulsive.
adhd undiagnosed in adults might be asked to talk with their significant other or someone who knows them well. adult adhd diagnoses is not to question the patient's honesty but to gain more insight about their behavior that can't be obtained through a questionnaire. They may also ask about their childhood behavior and consult the old school records to determine if the symptoms started prior to the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct an extensive physical exam and run tests in the lab to rule out other conditions out, such as thyroid problems or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the medication list of a patient. Certain medications for depression high blood pressure, depression and other ailments may interact with stimulants, and the doctor will take these into account when recommending treatments. This is why it's important for adults to consult their primary care physicians in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
For a person to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must occur in more than one setting (like school, home and at work) and seriously hinder functioning. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by a different disorder like anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional will use various tools to assess the patient, such as ADHD symptom lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour and a thorough medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They may also inquire whether there are other psychiatric disorders or physical conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are serious or mild. They will also review the patient's medical and family history in order to determine if there is any underlying causes for their issue for example, thyroid issues or head injuries.
In certain instances the examiner may decide to conduct cognitive testing or request the person undergo an imaging test to determine the cause of their symptoms, such as learning disabilities. People with these issues often appear differently from those with no issues. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls display inattentional symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical trial to try out new treatments. While this is an excellent way to help further research, it is important for participants to understand that the purpose behind these studies is to gain scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information on clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you have ADHD Find a doctor who is certified to recognize the disorder. Make sure to check with your health insurance provider to find out if ADHD specialists are covered. You can also seek referrals from your family doctor or other health care professionals. Word-of-mouth recommendations are a good option.
A doctor will ask the patient - or parents in the case of children - about their issues. She may use standardized checklists or ADHD symptoms, and ask other people in the patient's life for information, such as their spouses and families. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.
A professional will also want to examine any records that the person may have, particularly old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history and, to be able to identify the condition, the symptoms must have been present from childhood (technically prior to age 12).
A physical examination is also performed. It is also checked for any other medical conditions that could be causing symptoms, for instance thyroid problems or seizures. The doctor will usually conduct a neurological exam, which tests for coordination and motor control. Psychological tests to measure the ability to think and be smart could be used. A person could also be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test attention and memory. This could help the expert determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive. The expert will decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. The typical treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, can teach adults and children healthy coping techniques and help change negative thinking patterns. This therapy can be provided by a primary doctor or a mental healthcare professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD get better by taking medication, though it's not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of the two can be beneficial for children, teens and adults. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn to manage the symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, could be included. They could include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is important to find a health care provider or mental health professional who has previous experience treating ADHD. You can ask for suggestions from others who suffer from ADHD or from a mental health professional you already know, or do an online search. It is important to find a specialist familiar with your insurance.
To diagnose ADHD, the health care professional will inquire about your your child's symptoms and issues caused by them. They will conduct an examination and check for other health problems which could trigger similar symptoms. They will review the medical and family history of you or your child and also school documents and other reports.
The process of diagnosing ADHD in adults can be more difficult because the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily geared towards diagnosing children. Your health care provider may interview you or your children about their symptoms and request that others who spend a lot of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like the methylphenidate, Lisdexamfetamine and atomoxe, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD have co-occurring disorders such as depression or anxiety. For this reason, treatment should include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can help patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve focus. A healthy diet is essential as well. People with ADHD tend eat more fat and sugar and less fruits and vegetables. Also making social and family relationships a priority can lower stress levels and allow people to feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can help children and adults better comprehend their difficulties. For instance, a child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to teachers and peers, but once a teacher is aware that it's not due to personal issues or to a lack of motivation accommodations can be made.
A professional who evaluates ADHD will ask questions geared to the individual's age, talk to family members and teachers, look over medical records, and check for any comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms began before the age of adulthood school records can be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is usually included, and the doctor will likely look for hearing and vision problems. They could also conduct tests on blood to check for certain hormones, and other health conditions that can cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.